Becoming a British Citizen

Your role in the community

 

Becoming a British citizen or settling in the UK brings responsibilities but also opportunities. Everyone has the opportunity to participate in their community. This section looks at some of the responsibilities of being a citizen and gives information about how you can help to make your community a better place to live and work. 

 

Values and responsibilities

 

Although Britain is one of the world’s most diverse societies, there is a set of shared values and responsibilities that everyone can agree with. These values and responsibilities include:

 

to obey and respect the law

to be aware of the rights of others and respect those rights

to treat others with fairness

to behave responsibly

to help and protect your family

to respect and preserve the environment

to treat everyone equally, regardless of sex, race, religion, age, disability, class or sexual orientation

to work to provide for yourself and your family

to help others

to vote in local and national government elections

 

Taking on these values and responsibilities will make it easier for you to become a full and active citizen.

 

Being a good neighbour

 

When you move into a new house or apartment, introduce yourself to the people who live near you. Getting to know your neighbours can help you to become part of the community and make friends. Your neighbours are also a good source of help – for example, they may be willing to feed your pets if you are away, or offer advice on local shops and services.

 

You can help prevent any problems and conflicts with your neighbours by respecting their privacy and limiting how much noise you make. Also try to keep your garden tidy, and only put your refuse bags and bins on the street or in communal areas if they are due to be collected.

 

Getting involved in local activities

 

Volunteering and helping your community are an important part of being a good citizen. They enable you to integrate and get to know other people. It helps to make your community a better place if residents support each other. It also helps you to fulfil your duties as a citizen, such as behaving responsibly and helping others.

 

 

How you can support your community

 

There are a number of positive ways in which you can support your community and be a good citizen. 

 

Jury service

 

As well as getting the right to vote, people on the electoral register are randomly selected to serve on a jury. Anyone who is on the electoral register and is aged 18 to 70 can be asked to do this. 

 

Helping in schools

 

If you have children, there are many ways in which you can help at their schools. Parents can often help in classrooms, by supporting activities or listening to children read. 

 

Many schools organise events to raise money for extra equipment or out-of-school activities. Activities might include book sales, toy sales or bringing food to sell. You might have good ideas of your own for raising money. Sometimes events are organised by parent-teacher associations (PTAs). Volunteering to help with their events or joining the association is a way of doing something good for the school and also making new friends in your local community. You can find out about these opportunities from notices in the school or notes your children bring home.

 

School governors and school boards

 

School governors, or members of the school board in Scotland, are people from the local community who wish to make a positive contribution to children’s education. They must be aged 18 or over at the date of their election or appointment. There is no upper age limit.

Governors and school boards have an important part to play in raising school standards. They have three key roles: 

 

setting the strategic direction of the school

ensuring accountability

monitoring and evaluating school performance

 

You can contact your local school to ask if they need a new governor or school board member. In England, you can also apply online at the School Governors’ One-Stop Shop at www.sgoss.org.uk

 

In England, parents and other community groups can apply to open a free school in their local area. More information about this can be found on the Department for Education website at www.dfe.gov.uk

 

Supporting political parties

 

Political parties welcome new members. Joining one is a way to demonstrate your support for certain views and to get involved in the democratic process.

 

Political parties are particularly busy at election times. Members work hard to persuade people to vote for their candidates – for instance, by handing out leaflets in the streets or by knocking on people’s doors and asking for their support. This is called “canvassing”. You don’t have to tell canvasser how you intend to vote if you don’t want to. 

 

British citizens can stand for office as a local councillor, a members of Parliament (or the devolved equivalents) or a member of the European Parliament. This is an opportunity to become even more involved in the political life of the UK. You may also be able to stand for office if you are an Irish citizen, an eligible Commonwealth citizen or (except for standing to be an MP) a citizen of another EU country.

 

You can find out more about joining a political party from the individual party websites.

 

Helping with local services

 

There are opportunities to volunteer with a wide range of local service providers, including local hospitals and youth projects. Services often want to involve local people in decisions about the way in which they work. Universities, housing associations, museums and arts councils may advertise for people to serve as volunteers in their governing bodies. 

 

You can volunteer with the police, and become a special constable or a lay (non-police) representative. You can also apply to become a magistrate. You will often find advertisements for vacancies in your local newspaper or on local radio. You can also find out more about these sorts of roles at www.gov.uk

 

Blood and organ donation

 

Donated blood is used by hospitals to help people with a wide range of injuries and illnesses. Giving blood only takes an hour to do. You can register to give blood at:

 

England and North Wales: www.blood.co.uk

Rest of Wales: www.welsh-blood.org.uk

Scotland: www.scotblood.co.uk

Northern Ireland: www.nibts.org

 

Many people in the UK are waiting for organ transplants. If you register to be an organ donor, it can make it easier for your family to decide whether to donate your organs when you die. You can register to be an organ donor at www.organdonation.nhs.uk. Living people can also donate a kidney.

 

Other ways to volunteer

 

Volunteering is working for good causes without payment. There are many benefits to volunteering, such as meeting new people and helping make your community a better place. Some volunteer activities will give you a chance to practise your English or develop work skills that will help you find a job or improve your curriculum vitae (CV). Many people volunteer simply because they want to help other people.

 

Activities you can do as a volunteer include:

 

working with animals – for example, caring for animals at a local rescue shelter

youth work – for example, volunteering at a youth group

helping people improve the environment – for example, participating in a litter pick-up in the local area

working with the homeless in, for example, a homelessness shelter

mentoring – for example, supporting someone who has just come out of prison

work in health and hospitals – for example, working on an information desk at a hospital

helping older people at, for example, a residential care home

 

There are thousands of active charities and voluntary organisations in the UK. They work to improve the lives of people, animals and the environment in many different ways. They range from the British branches of international organisations, such as the British Red Cross, to small local charities working in particular areas. They include charities working with older people (such as Age UK), with children (for example, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC)) and with the homeless (for example, Crisis and Shelter). There are also medical research charities (for example, Cancer Research UK), environmental charities (including the National Trust and Friends of the Earth) and charities working with animals (such as the People’s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA)).

 

Volunteers are needed to help with their activities and to raise money. The charities often advertise in local newspapers, and most have websites that include information about their opportunities. You can also get information about volunteering for different organisations from www.do-it.org.uk

 

There are many opportunities for younger people to volunteer and receive accreditation which will help them to develop their skills. These include the National Citizen Service programme, which gives 16- and 17-year-olds the opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities, develop their skills and take part in a community project. You can find out more about these opportunities as follows:

 

National Citizen Service: at www.nationalcitizenservice.direct.gov.uk

England: at www.vinspired.com

Wales: at www.gwirvol.org

Scotland: at www.vds.org.uk

Northern Ireland: at www.volunteernow.co.uk

 

Looking after the environment

 

It is important to recycle as much of your waste as you can. Using recycled materials to make new products uses less energy and means that we do not need to extract more raw materials from the earth. It also means that less rubbish is created, so the amount being put into landfill is reduced. 

 

You can learn more about recycling and its benefits at www.recyclenow.com. At this website you can also find out what you can recycle at home and in the local area if you live in England. This information is available for Wales at www.wasteawarenesswales.org.uk , for Scotland at www.recycleforscotland.com and for Northern Ireland from your local authority. 

 

A good way to support your local community is to shop for products locally where you can. This will help businesses and farmers in your area and in Britain. It will also reduce your carbon footprint, because the products will not have had to travel as far. 

 

Walking and using public transport to get around when you can is also a good way to protect the environment. It means that you create less pollution than when you use a car.

 

Check that you understand

 

The different ways you can help at your child’s school

The role of school governors and members of school boards, and how you can become one

The role of members of political parties

The different local services people can volunteer to support

How to donate blood and organs

The benefits of volunteering for you, other people and the community

The types of activities that volunteers can do

How you can look after the environment

 

 

 

Driving

 

In the UK, you must be at least 17 years old to drive a car or motor cycle and you must have a driving licence to drive on public roads. To get a UK driving licence you must pass a driving test, which tests both your knowledge and your practical skills. You need to be at least 16 years old to ride a moped, and there are other age requirements and special tests for driving large vehicles. 

 

Drivers can use their driving licence until they are 70 years old. After that, the licence is valid for three years at a time.

 

In Northern Ireland, a newly qualified driver must display an “R” plate (for restricted driver) for one year after passing the test. 

 

If your driving licence is from a country in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway, you can drive in the UK for as long as your licence is valid. If you have a licence from any other country, you may use it in the UK for up to 12 months. To continue driving after that, you must get a UK full driving licence.

 

If you are resident in the UK, your car or motor cycle must be registered at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). You must pay an annual road tax and display the tax disc, which shows that the tax has been paid, on the windscreen. You must also have valid motor insurance. If your vehicle is over three years old, you must take it for a Ministry of Transport (MOT) test every year. It is an offence not to have an MOT certificate if your vehicle is more than three years old. You can find out more about vehicle tax and MOT requirements from www.gov.uk

 

Check that you understand

 

The fundamental principles of UK law

That domestic violence, FGM and forced marriage are illegal in the UK

The system of income tax and National Insurance

The requirements for driving a car

 

Taxation

 

Income tax

 

People in the UK have to pay tax on their income, which includes:

 

wages from paid employment

profits from self-employment

taxable benefits

pensions

income from property, savings and dividends

 

Money raised from income tax pays for government services such as roads, education, police and the armed forces.

 

For most people, the right amount of income tax is automatically taken from their income from employment by their employer and paid directly to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), the government department that collects taxes. This system is called “Pay As You Earn” (PAYE). If you are self-employed, you need to pay your own tax through a system called “self-assessment”, which includes completing a tax return. Other people may also need to complete a tax return. If HMRC sends you a tax return, it is important to complete and return the form as soon as you have all the necessary information.

 

You can find out more about income tax at www.hmrc.gov.uk/incometax. You can get help and advice about taxes and completing tax forms from the HMRC self-assessment helpline, on 0845 300 0627, and the HMRC website at www.hmrc.gov.uk

 

National Insurance

 

Almost everybody in the UK who is in paid work, including self-employed people, must pay National Insurance Contributions. The money raised from National Insurance Contributions is used to pay for state benefits and services such as the state retirement pension and the National Health Service (NHS).

 

Employees have their National Insurance Contributions deducted from their pay by their employer. People who are self-employed need to pay National Insurance Contributions themselves. 

 

Anyone who does not pay enough National Insurance Contributions will not be able to receive certain contributory benefits such as Jobseeker’s Allowance or a full state retirement pension. Some workers, such as part-time workers, may not qualify for statutory payments such as maternity pay if they do not earn enough. 

 

Further guidance about National Insurance Contributions is available on HMRC’s website at www.hmrc.gov.uk/ni

 

Getting a National Insurance Number

 

A National Insurance number is a unique personal account number. It makes sure that the National Insurance Contributions and tax you pay are properly recorded against your name. All young people in the UK are sent a National Insurance number just before their 16th birthday.

 

A non-UK national living in the UK and looking for work, starting work or setting up as self-employed will need a National Insurance number. However, you can start work without one. If you have permission to work in the UK, you will need to telephone the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) to arrange to get  a National Insurance number.  You may be required to attend an interview. The DWP will advise you of the appropriate application process and tell you which documents you will need to bring to an interview if one is necessary. You will usually need documents that prove your identity and that you have permission to work in the UK. A National Insurance number does not on its own prove to an employer that you have the right to work in the UK.

 

You can find out more information about how to apply for a National Insurance number at www.gov.uk